Oral formulae such as these occur frequently in Middle English romance. Torrent also ends with a benediction along similar lines, and the romance concludes with an “Amen” (see lines 2666–71).ħ ye woll lyst I schall yow tell. Most Middle English romances begin with a benediction or prayer of this sort, often asking God to protect the audience from Satan or sin, and to deliver them to heaven. Benson H: Halliwell edition (1842) M: Montgomery edition (2008) MED: Middle English Dictionary OED: Oxford English Dictionary.ġ-6 God that ys. SIR TORRENT OF PORTINGALE: EXPLANATORY NOTESĪ: Adam edition (EETS, 1887) BT: Bosworth and Toller, Anglo-Saxon Dictionary C: Manchester, Chetham’s Library MS 8009 (Mun. 1 He took Torrent under his guardianshipĦ Unless was distressed (?spurred)Ĩ Torrent moved quickly under his staffġ2 His hooves black as sloe berriesġ3 If it happens that I may capture ġ6 Torrent went to the side-board (a table for lower-ranking nobility)ġ7 To break date I will notĢ1 You will not have to pay annual tribute on itĢ2 that you are there and win your shoes (i.e., prove yourself worthy of knighthood)Ģ5 Lines 1235-37: The great lords who were at the feast loved the tale of the squire's adventures and arranged the competition straight awayĢ8 And give yourself nothing sorrowful (i.e., do not worry)Ģ9 Lines 1694-95: For his own sake he gave me to him, / He would nothing elseģ0 Even if had more lives than oneģ5 His acton (a padded jacket worn underneath chain mail) and his other garmentsģ7 And he could do no good (i.e., he was helpless)
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